Method for Defining the Automation Level of an eVTOL

Abstract

Optimizing pilot-automation collaboration necessitates early safety assessment of the aircra!, which involves a rigorous examination of potential scenarios. "is article seeks to establish a comprehensive framework for safety analysis, exploring various levels of automation (LoA) within high-technology projects such as electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircra!. "e method is divided into three phases: the $rst involves de$ning the operations concept; the second involves applying the systems theoretic process analysis (STPA) method; and the third encompasses determining the safest LoA. Furthermore, this article scrutinizes the landing operations of eVTOL aircra! in urban centers. "e identi$ed control actions (CAs) include %ight monitoring, landing veri$cation, speed selection, and maneuvering. Ultimately, a LoA categorized as automated decision making emerged as the safest. "is entails the concurrent monitoring and generation of alternatives by both the pilot and the autopilot, with the $nal selection of the optimal alternative and its subsequent implementation exclusively entrusted to the autopilot. "iswork contributes by presenting evidence that safety analysis should commence at the level of individual CAs, rather than at a higher level encompassing complete operations or the entire aircra!. "is approach aims to generate comprehensive, practical, and effective safety requirements.